滁州市眼科医院 赵波 彭立权 孙倩 彭旖雪
[摘要] 目的:小切口非超声乳化白内障手术900例的临床疗效分析。方法:2008年4月至10月我院开展900例小切口非超声乳化白内障手术,对其临床资料进行分析。结果:术后视力均有不同程度提高,视力≥0.05者893例,复明率99.22%,视力≥0.3者790例,脱残率87.78%;植入人工晶体者 864例,植入率96.00%;术中、术后少数出现不同程度的并发症,虹膜炎61例、角膜内皮轻度水肿53例、屈光不正≥±1.50D者46例、后囊膜破裂37例、虹膜损伤29例(其中虹膜根部断离7例、出血12例)、前房出血28例、一过性高眼压21例、透明皮质残留4例等,经对症处理后均得到好转或治愈,未见大泡性角膜炎、眼内炎等严重并发症。结论:临床显示小切口非超声乳化手术疗效显著,适应症广泛,并发症少,成本低,较适合应用于基层医院开展防盲治盲和集中开展民生工程。
[关键词] 小切口非超声乳化 白内障 临床疗效
Clinical analysis of 900 cases of small incision non-phacoemulsification Cataract surgery ,ZHAO Bo,PENG Li-quan,ZHU Qing-dong,PENG Yi-xue,SUN Qian,DING Bo-yun,HAN You-tian, Department of Ophthalmology,Integiated tiadetionl and Western Hospital of Chuzhou,Anhui 239001,China
[Abstract] -ive: To analyze clinical effect of 900 cases of small incision non-phacoemulsification in the project of livelihood of the people.
Method: 900 cataract patients accepted small incision non-phacoemulsification surgery from April,2008 to October,2008. all clinical data.
Results: All cases had vision improvement. 893 cases(99.22%) whose visual activity was better than 0.05 could obtain bright light. 790 cases(87.78%) whose visual activity was better than 0.3 could get rid of disability. 864 cases (96%) implanted intraocular lens. Main postoperative complications included 61 eyes of iritis, 53 eyes of corneal edema, 46 eyes of ametropia, 37 eyes of post-capsular rupture, 29 eyes of iris damage, 21 eyes of intraocular hypertension, 28 eyes of hyphema and 4 eyes of crystalline lens residual. All complications could be cured by active treatment.
Conclusion: Small incision non-phacoemulsification surgery which can be used for blindness prevention and the project of livelihood of the people has a lot of merit,such as good curative effect,extensive indication, few complication, low cost.
[Key words] small incision non-phacoemulsification; cataract; clinical effect
安徽省委省政府已将贫困白内障免费手术纳入民生工程。2008年全省免费白内障手术一万例,我院是省民生工程滁州地区定点手术医院,接到900例手术任务。现手术后门诊随访已5~10个月,临床分析如下:
资 料 和 方 法
一、一般资料
2008年4月至10月,滁州市下辖各县区政府、残联组织眼疾患者,由各乡镇卫生院进行初步筛选,确诊白内障患者3899例。我院眼科医生携带检眼镜、视力表、眼压计、心电图、快速血糖仪、血压计等设备,前往各乡镇进行复查筛选,确定符合手术条件1119例,最终手术900例(1例即为1只眼)。其中,男 395例,女505例;年龄最小15岁,最大94岁,15~20岁者4例,40~59岁者78例,60~94岁者818例,60岁以上老人占 90.89%。
二、眼部情况
术前视力光感者236例,手动者134例,指数者228例,0.01~0.05者225例,0.06~0.1者58例,0.1~0.3者19例,盲以下 823例,占91.45%;Ⅲ级核以上816例,占90.67%;单纯老年性白内障728例,并发性白内障110例,糖尿病性白内障45例,外伤性白内障 7例,无晶体眼合并后发障6例,先天性白内障4例;术前合并其它眼病的有高度近视83例,角膜云翳、混浊32例,Ⅱ度以上翼状胬肉24例,玻璃体重度浑浊 21例,陈旧性虹膜炎13例,眼底病9例,斜视7例,眼球先天性异常6例,青光眼术后5例。
三、术前准备
常规进行血、尿常规,胸透,心电图,血糖,血压,视力,眼压,光定位,色觉,A/B超检查;计算人工晶体屈光度;术前3天使用广谱抗生素滴眼液点眼;术前冲洗泪道、结膜囊,充分散瞳。
四、材料
省民生工程统一用美国爱尔康公司人工晶体PMMP、10-0眼科尼龙缝线,上海其胜玻璃酸钠。
五、手术方法
常规消毒,麻醉,做穹隆部为基底的结膜瓣,采用上方巩膜隧道切口(青光眼术后采用颞侧)长约5.5~6mm,再做一约1.0~1.2mm透明角膜辅助切口,环行撕囊或截囊,水分离,使皮质与核、皮质与皮质、皮质与囊膜分离,在水分离过程中将晶体核调入前房或用玻璃酸钠使晶体核脱入前房,注水圈套器套出晶体核,吸除残余皮质,植入后房型人工晶体于囊袋内或睫状沟,充分吸净玻璃酸钠,切口水密情况好,不渗漏者不予缝合,很少部分切口渗漏者可缝合1~2针,关闭结膜切口,球结膜下注射庆大霉素和地塞米松,术眼包扎一天。
六、术后治疗
术后常规用抗生素+地塞米松10mg静脉点滴,3~5天,托吡卡胺眼药水每日上午滴术眼,氧氟沙星眼药水每日3次,复方妥布霉素地塞米松眼药水每日3次,高眼压者用噻吗心安眼药水每日2次和(或)20%甘露醇250ml静滴。
结 果
一、术后视力
900例手术后视力均有不同程度提高,其中裸眼视力≥0.02~